Case 1: A previously breast fed 4-month-old healthy infant is being weaned to formula. His mother tells you she has noticed that some formulas are supplemented with prebiotics or probiotics and asks what benefits these formulas can have.

 Question 1: Which of the following statements regarding the following definitions and/or descriptions of prebiotics and probiotics is NOT TRUE?

1. Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that bring about specific changes in gastrointestinal (GI) microflora activity and/or composition, and confer benefits upon host well-being and health.
2. Prebiotics must be susceptible to enzyme hydrolysis and absorption by the intestine.
3. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, beneficially affect the host.
4. Probiotics help enhance gut immunity by stimulating IgA and mucin secretion, preventing epithelial apoptosis, and altering tight junction structure.